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The MIF promoter SNP rs755622 is associated with immune activation in glioblastoma
Tyler J. Alban, Matthew M. Grabowski, Balint Otvos, Defne Bayik, Wesley Wang, Ajay Zalavadia, Vlad Makarov, Katie Troike, Mary McGraw, Anja Rabljenovic, Adam Lauko, Chase Neumann, Gustavo Roversi, Kristin A. Waite, Gino Cioffi, Nirav Patil, Thuy T. Tran, Kathleen McCortney, Alicia Steffens, C. Marcela Diaz, J. Mark Brown, Kathleen M. Egan, Craig M. Horbinski, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Prajwal Rajappa, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Richard Bucala, Timothy A. Chan, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Justin D. Lathia
Tyler J. Alban, Matthew M. Grabowski, Balint Otvos, Defne Bayik, Wesley Wang, Ajay Zalavadia, Vlad Makarov, Katie Troike, Mary McGraw, Anja Rabljenovic, Adam Lauko, Chase Neumann, Gustavo Roversi, Kristin A. Waite, Gino Cioffi, Nirav Patil, Thuy T. Tran, Kathleen McCortney, Alicia Steffens, C. Marcela Diaz, J. Mark Brown, Kathleen M. Egan, Craig M. Horbinski, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Prajwal Rajappa, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Richard Bucala, Timothy A. Chan, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Justin D. Lathia
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Research Article Immunology Oncology

The MIF promoter SNP rs755622 is associated with immune activation in glioblastoma

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Abstract

Intratumoral heterogeneity is a defining hallmark of glioblastoma, driving drug resistance and ultimately recurrence. Many somatic drivers of microenvironmental change have been shown to affect this heterogeneity and, ultimately, the treatment response. However, little is known about how germline mutations affect the tumoral microenvironment. Here, we find that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs755622 in the promoter of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is associated with increased leukocyte infiltration in glioblastoma. Furthermore, we identified an association between rs755622 and lactotransferrin expression, which could also be used as a biomarker for immune-infiltrated tumors. These findings demonstrate that a germline SNP in the promoter region of MIF may affect the immune microenvironment and further reveal a link between lactotransferrin and immune activation.

Authors

Tyler J. Alban, Matthew M. Grabowski, Balint Otvos, Defne Bayik, Wesley Wang, Ajay Zalavadia, Vlad Makarov, Katie Troike, Mary McGraw, Anja Rabljenovic, Adam Lauko, Chase Neumann, Gustavo Roversi, Kristin A. Waite, Gino Cioffi, Nirav Patil, Thuy T. Tran, Kathleen McCortney, Alicia Steffens, C. Marcela Diaz, J. Mark Brown, Kathleen M. Egan, Craig M. Horbinski, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Prajwal Rajappa, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Richard Bucala, Timothy A. Chan, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Justin D. Lathia

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Figure 3

Immunofluorescence confirms enhanced T cell infiltration and CD8+ T cell activation in patients with GBM with the MIF SNP rs755622.

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Immunofluorescence confirms enhanced T cell infiltration and CD8+ T cell...
(A) LTF expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence of matched tissue for n =22 samples from the RNA-Seq analysis to compare patients with the minor allele (C/G) (n = 10) and those with the major allele (G/G) (n = 12), with representative images of the data set shown as a whole view of the slide in the heatmap images (left column: yellow, increased density of staining). In a 20× image of the slide, cells are outlined in white, with nuclei marked by DAPI and LTF pseudocolored purple. Left column: Full slide scans, zoomed to see the entire section. Scale bar: 500 µM. LTF is pseudocolored from purple to yellow scaled from 0 to 0.2. Right column: Representative zoomed in regions of major allele (top) and minor allele (bottom), where nuclei marked with blue DAPI and LTF colored purple. Scale bar: 100 µM. (B) The average LTF expression (mean fluorescence intensity) of cells per sample was compared between each genotype and the negative secondary-only control (n = 10 C/G and n = 12 G/G). (C) The quantity of LTF+ cells per total area was measured and then compared between the C/G and G/G genotypes using unpaired t test (n = 10 C/G and n = 12 G/G). (D) The percent of LTF+ cells of the total cells per sample was compared between each genotype group and further subdivided into prognostic categories based on greater than or less than median overall survival (poor prognosis contains n = 6 G/G and n = 7 C/G, good prognosis contains n = 6 G/G and n = 3 C/G). (E) Staining for CD3 and CD8 markers to determine CD8+ T cell infiltration, with representative images of each genotype and prognosis group (CD3, yellow; CD8, red; DAPI, blue). Scale bar: 100 µM. (F and G) Percent of T cells (F) and CD8+ T cells (G) of total cells per sample comparing the genotype/prognosis categories only. (H) CD107a expression of CD8+ T cells from all samples was compared between prognoses. (I) CD107a expression of CD8+ T cells was compared between the C/G genotype and G/G genotype.

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